Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₂O₃ NPs) stabilized with Mentha piperita obtained from Cyprus were synthesized. The study focused on exploring the anti-migratory potential, cytotoxicity, anti-proliferative and antimicrobial potential of Fe₂O₃ NPs using wound healing assay, trypan blue, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and disc diffusion, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize the Fe₂O₃ NPs. The spectra obtained from FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX confirmed the formation of Fe₂O₃ NPs. The analysis of UV-Vis spectra indicates an absorption peak at 302 nm, thereby confirming both the successful synthesis and remarkable stability of the NPs. The NPs exhibited uniform spherical morphology and contained Fe, O, and N, indicating the synthesis of Fe₂O₃ NPs. Additionally, the Fe₂O₃ NPs formed through biosynthesis demonstrated antimicrobial capabilities against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. The significant anti-migratory potential on MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells was observed with lower concentrations of the biosynthesized Fe₂O₃ NPs, and higher concentrations revealed cytotoxic effects on the cells with an IC₅₀ of 95.7 μg/ml. Stable Fe₂O₃ NPs were synthesized using M. piperita aqueous extract, and it revealed antimicrobial activity on E. coli and B. cereus, cytotoxic, anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effect on highly metastatic human breast cancer cell lines.

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